Continuous Time Models of Interest Rate: Testing the Mexican Data (1998-2006)

Distinct parametric models in continuous time for the interest rates are tested by means of a comparative analysis of the implied parametric and nonparametric densities. In this research the statistic developed by Ait-Sahalia (1996a) has been applied to the Mexican CETES (28 days) interest rate in the period 1998-2006. With this technique, the discrete approximation to the continuous model is unnecessary even when the data are discrete. The results allow to affirm that the models of interest rate shown in this paper are unable to describe the data of the Mexican CETES.

Actividad física y autoconcepto en centros bilingües y no bilingües: Un análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales

The aim of this study is to analyse, define and contrast a model that explains the concept of self-awareness and teenagers’ attitudes towards Physical Education (P.E.). Using multi-group structural equations, the study also delves deeper into the links between the concept of self and attitudes of learners toward the physical education teacher according to the type of school (bilingual or non-bilingual). The total sample was made up of 2,388 teenage students aged between 11 and 17 (1,151 bilingual and 1,237 non-bilingual). The students responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire, a self-concept test, and a test dealing with Attitude toward Physical Education, to analyse the level of teaching of the foreign language in addition to aspects pertaining to the subject of physical education and the degree of concept of self or self-awareness. The results indicate higher levels of influence of the academic aspect in PE training in bilingual schools, whereas in non-bilingual contexts, it is the physical dimension that is rated more positively. Similarly, the data points to a positive and direct link between the overall concept of self in teenagers, with sense of empathy toward the teacher and value placed on the subject of physical education in students attending bilingual schools.El presente estudio tiene como objetivos analizar, definir y contrastar un modelo explicativo sobre el autoconcepto y la actitud hacia la educación física en adolescentes. Utilizando análisis de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo, el estudio también analiza las relaciones existentes entre el autoconcepto y la actitud hacia el profesor de educación física en base al tipo de centro en donde estudian los adolescentes (bilingüe o no). La muestra está formada por 2.388 adolescentes de entre 11 y 17 años (1.151 bilingües y 1.237 de centros no bilingües). Se aplicó un cuestionario de tipo sociodemográfico, el test de autoconcepto y un cuestionario de actitud hacia la Educación Física con el fin de analizar el nivel de enseñanza de lengua extranjera, aspectos relacionados con la asignatura de educación física y el nivel de autoconcepto. Los resultados depararon una alta influencia del aspecto académico de los adolescentes en los centros bilingües, mientras que, en el caso de los no bilingües, es la dimensión física la más valorada. Asimismo, los datos establecen una asociación positiva y directa entre el autoconcepto general de los adolescentes, la empatía con el profesor y la valoración hacia la asignatura de educación física en los alumnos que estudian en centros educativos bilingües

La influencia de diferentes modelos de publicación en la presencia y detección de errores y fraude científico

This study attempts to test how different journal publishing models can favor or reduce the presence of errors and misconduct articles, as well as to measure the response of journals to problematic articles according to these publishing models. For this, a new approach for the study of scientific misconduct in publications is proposed. Comments expressed in PubPeer about 17,244 troublesome articles were compared with the editorial response of journals (i.e. editorial notices). Journals of these publications were classified according to several publishing criteria: publisher type, access type, publication fee model and peer review type. The results show that in spite of scholar-published journals suffer more from problematic papers, they release the same editorial notices than commercial journals; open access journals react better to problematic articles than paywall journals; open access journals without APC has a special presence of Publishing fraud; and journals that use open review suffer less from misconduct, slightly releasing more editorial notices.Este estudio pretende comprobar cómo diferentes modelos de publicación de revistas científica pueden favorecer o reducir la incidencia de artículos erróneos o fraudulentos, a la vez que busca medir la respuesta de revistas a estos problemas en función de estos modelos. Para esto, se propone una nueva forma de estudiar el fraude científico en las publicaciones. Los comentarios expresados en PubPeer sobre 17.244 artículos problemáticos fueron comparados con la respuesta editorial de las revistas (i.e. notas editoriales). Las revistas de estas publicaciones fueron clasificadas en función de diferentes criterios editoriales: tipo de editor, tipo de acceso, modelo de financiación y tipo de revisión por pares. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de que las revistas editadas por la academia sufren más de artículos problemáticos, emiten el mismo número de notas editoriales que las revistas comerciales; las revistas de acceso abierto reaccionan mejor ante artículos problemáticos que revistas de pago; revistas de acceso abierto sin APC tienen una incidencia especial de Fraude en la publicación; y revistas que emplean una revisión en abierto sufren menos de fraude científico y ligeramente emiten más notas editoriales

Optimization of Process Flowsheets through Metaheuristic Techniques

This book presents a multi-objective optimization framework for optimizing chemical processes. The proposed framework implements a link between process simulators and metaheuristic techniques. The proposed approach is general, and there can be used any process simulator and any metaheuristic technique. This book shows how to implement links between different process simulators such as Aspen Plus®, HYSYS®, SuperPro Designer®, and others, linked to metaheuristic techniques implemented in Matlab®, Excel®, C++, or other programs. This way, the proposed framework allows optimizing any process flowsheet implemented in the process simulator and using the metaheuristic technique, and this way the numerical complications through the optimization process can be eliminated. Furthermore, the proposed framework allows using the thermodynamic, design, and constitutive equations implemented in the process simulator to implement any process

Occupant behaviour pattern modeling and detection in buildings based on environmental sensing

Occupant presence and behaviour have a signi�cant impact on building energy performance. An occupant present in a building generates pollutants like CO2, odour, heat, which can directly change the indoor environment. Because of this change, the occupant may interact with the building environment to maintain the comfort level, for example, he or she may turn on air conditioning systems. Today's Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) are usually operated based on a �xed seasonal schedule and maximum design occupancy assumption but fail to capture dynamic information. This is both costly and ine�cient. Recent e�orts on exploitation of environmental sensors and data-driven approaches to monitor occupant behaviour patterns, have shown the potential for dynamically adapt BEMS according to real user needs. Furthermore, this occupant information can also be used for other applications such as home security, healthcare or smart environments. However, most of existing models su�er from inaccuracy and imprecision for occupant state classi�cation, could not adaptively learn from real-time sensor input and they mainly focused on single occupant scenarios only. To address these issues, we present a novel data-driven approach to model occupant behaviour patterns accurately, for both single occupant and multiple occupants with real-time sensor information. The contributions can be summarised as follows: Firstly, we have conducted a thorough benchmark evaluation of classi�cation performance of state-of-the-art Machine Learning (ML) methods and occupant related publicly available datasets. Secondly, based on the �ndings in literature and our own experimental evaluations, we have developed a novel dynamic hidden semi-Markov model (DHSMM), which can accurately detect occupant behaviour patterns from sensor data streams in real-time. Thirdly, built upon the online DHSMM model, we have developed a novel incremental learning approach to allow dynamically learning over streaming data. Finally, we have conducted an experimental evaluation of our proposed model Online DHSMM Multi-Occupant for occupancy detection for both single and multiple occupants. We have validated our approach using real datasets and the experimental results show our proposed approach outperforms existing methods in terms of classi�cation accuracy and processing time/scalability. To the best of our knowledge, we have �rst developed a HSMM-based incremental online learning approach to fast and accurate learn building occupant patterns over streaming data for both single and multiple occupants in a holistic way. Additionally, our approach signi�cantly improves the classi�cation accuracies of traditional Markov models (over 10% accuracy increase, while maintaining the model complexity and performing multioccupant detection)

Regulación de la diferenciación megacariocítica por PTP-Bas y especies reactivas del oxígeno

[ES]El metabolismo aerobio de las células eucariotas comporta la producción de numerosas especies reactivas del oxígeno (ROS), con el consiguiente estrés oxidativo celular. Tradicionalmente este estrés se ha relacionado con efectos dañinos para la célula (Genestra, 2007). Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha comprobado que los ROS pueden funcionar también como reguladores de la señalización celular. Sin embargo, son muy escasos los artículos que impliquen a los ROS en la regulación de procesos biológicos generales, como por ejemplo la diferenciación celular. En este trabajo, se muestra por primera vez que la diferenciación megacariocítica de las líneas celulares K562 y HEL y de las células humanas CD34+ está acompañada por un rápido incremento de los niveles intracelulares de ROS. Dicho incremento es esencial para que se lleve a cabo el proceso de diferenciación. Mediante experimentos de ARN de interferencia hemos comprobado que la producción de ROS se debe a la actividad de una o varias NADPH oxidasas dependientes de p22phox. La actividad de estas enzimas sería esencial para que se produjera la activación completa de las rutas de señalización más importantes para la diferenciación megacariocítica: la ruta de las MAP quinasas MEK/ERK y la ruta de AKT. Una de las posibles dianas moleculares de los ROS son las proteína tirosina fosfatasas (PTPs). Así, estas enzimas se pueden oxidar por acción de los ROS produciéndose la inhibición de las mismas (Den Hertog, 2005). En nuestro sistema detectamos una disminución de la actividad PTPásica una vez iniciada la diferenciación megacariocítica. Además, el tratamiento con inhibidores de dicha actividad indujo la megacariopoyesis. Cuando analizamos la implicación de PTPs específicas en la diferenciación megacariocítica, comprobamos que la expresión de PTP-Bas se activaba a nivel transcripcional y que la sobreexpresión de dicha enzima ejercía un efecto negativo sobre la megacariopoyesis[EN]Aerobic metabolism of eukaryotic cells involves the production of several reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cellular oxidative stress. Traditionally this stress has been associated with harmful effects on the cell (Genestra, 2007). However, in recent years have shown that ROS can also function as regulators of cell signaling. However, very few articles involving ROS in the regulation of general biological processes such as cell differentiation. In this work, first shown that megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 and HEL cell lines and CD34 + human cells is accompanied by a rapid increase in intracellular ROS levels. This increase is essential to the carrying out the process of differentiation. Using RNA interference experiments have shown that ROS production is due to the activity of one or more NADPH oxidase p22phox-dependent. The activity of these enzymes would be essential for there to be full activation of the signaling pathways leading to megakaryocytic differentiation: the route of the MAP kinase MEK / ERK and AKT path. One possible molecular targets of ROS are protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Thus, these enzymes can be oxidized by the action of ROS produced inhibition of the same (Den Hertog, 2005). In our system detected a decrease in activity once initiated PTPásica megakaryocytic differentiation. Furthermore, treatment with inhibitors of the activity induced megakaryopoiesis. When we analyzed the involvement of specific PTPs in megakaryocytic differentiation, we found that expression of PTP-Bas was activated at the transcriptional level and that overexpression of this enzyme exerted a negative effect on megakaryopoiesi

Are web mentions accurate substitutes for inlinks for Spanish universities?

This article is (c) Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here. Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limitedurpose – Title and URL mentions have recently been proposed as web visibility indicators instead of inlink counts. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of these alternative web mention indicators in the Spanish academic system, taking into account their complexity (multi-domains) and diversity (different official languages). Design/methodology/approach – Inlinks, title and URL mentions from 76 Spanish universities were manually extracted from the main search engines (Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo!, Bing and Exalead). Several statistical methods, such as correlation, difference tests and regression models, were used. Findings – Web mentions, despite some limitations, can be used as substitutes for inlinks in the Spanish academic system, although these indicators are more likely to be influenced by the environment (language, web domain policy, etc.) than inlinks. Research limitations/implications – Title mentions provide unstable results caused by the multiple name variants which an institution can present (such as acronyms and other language versions). URL mentions are more stable, but they may present atypical points due to some shortcomings, the effect of which is that URL mentions do not have the same meaning as inlinks. Practical implications – Web mentions should be used with caution and after a cleaning-up process. Moreover, these counts do not necessarily signify connectivity, so their use in global web analysis should be limited. Originality/value – Web mentions have previously been used in some specific academic systems (US, UK and China), but this study analyses, in depth and for the first time, an entire non-English speaking European country (Spain), with complex academic web behaviour, which helps to better explain previous web mention results.Ortega, JL.; Orduña Malea, E.; Aguillo, IF. (2014). Are web mentions accurate substitutes for inlinks for Spanish universities?. Online Information Review. 38(1):59-77. doi:10.1108/OIR-10-2012-0189S5977381Adecannby, J. (2011), “Web link analysis of interrelationship between top ten African universities and world universities”, Annals of Library and Information Studies, Vol. 58 No. 2, pp. 128-138.Aguillo, I. (2009). Measuring the institution’s footprint in the web. Library Hi Tech, 27(4), 540-556. doi:10.1108/073788309Aguillo, I.F. , Ortega, J.L. and Fernández, M. 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Hyperlinks as a data source for science mapping. Journal of Information Science, 30(5), 436-447. doi:10.1177/0165551504046736Heimeriks, G. and Van den Besselaar, P. (2006), “Analyzing hyperlink networks: the meaning of hyperlink based indicators of knowledge”, Cybermetrics, Vol. 10, available at: http://cybermetrics.cindoc.csic.es/articles/v10i1p1.pdf (accessed 10 July 2013).Heimeriks, G., Hörlesberger, M., & Van den Besselaar, P. (2003). Scientometrics, 58(2), 391-413. doi:10.1023/a:1026296812830Kousha, K. and Horri, A. (2004), “The relationship between scholarly publishing and the counts of academic inlinks to Iranian university web sites: exploring academic link creation motivations”, Journal of Information Management and Scientometrics, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 13-22.Kousha, K., & Thelwall, M. (2009). Google book search: Citation analysis for social science and the humanities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1537-1549. doi:10.1002/asi.21085Kretschmer, H., & Aguillo, I. F. (2004). Visibility of collaboration on the Web. Scientometrics, 61(3), 405-426. doi:10.1023/b:scie.0000045118.68430.fdOrduña-Malea, E. (2012), “Fuentes de enlaces web para análisis cibermétricos (2012)”, Anuario Thinkepi, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 276-280.Orduña-Malea, E. (2013), “Espacio universitario español en la Web (2010): estudio descriptivo de instituciones y productos académicos a través del análisis de subdominios y subdirectorios”, Revista Española de Documentación Científica, Vol. 36 No. 3.Orduña-Malea, E., & Ontalba-Ruipérez, J.-A. (2012). Proposal for a multilevel university cybermetric analysis model. Scientometrics, 95(3), 863-884. doi:10.1007/s11192-012-0868-5Orduña-Malea, E., Serrano-Cobos, J., Ontalba-Ruipérez, J. A., & Lloret-Romero, N. (2010). Presencia y visibilidad web de las universidades públicas españolas. 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The fluctuating resource hypothesis explains invasibility, but not exotic advantage following disturbance

Invasibility is a key indicator of community susceptibility to changes in structure and function. The fluctuating resource hypothesis (FRH) postulates that invasibility is an emergent community property, a manifestation of multiple processes that cannot be reliably predicted by individual community attributes like diversity or productivity. Yet, research has emphasized the role of these individual attributes, with the expectation that diversity should deter invasibility and productivity enhance it. In an effort to explore how these and other factors may influence invasibility, we evaluated the relationship between invasibility and species richness, productivity, resource availability, and resilience in experiments crossing disturbance with exotic seed addition in 1-m2 plots replicated over large expanses of grasslands in Montana, USA and La Pampa, Argentina. Disturbance increased invasibility as predicted by FRH, but grasslands were more invasible in Montana than La Pampa whether disturbed or not, despite Montana´s higher species richness and lower productivity. Moreover, invasibility correlated positively with nitrogen availability and negatively with native plant cover. These patterns suggested that resource availability and the ability of the community to recover from disturbance (resilience) better predicted invasibility than either species richness or productivity, consistent with predictions from FRH. However, in ambient, unseeded plots in Montana, disturbance reduced native cover by >50% while increasing exotic cover >200%. This provenance bias could not be explained by FRH, which predicts that colonization processes act on species? traits independent of origins. The high invasibility of Montana grasslands following disturbance was associated with a strong shift from perennial to annual species, as predicted by succession theory. However, this shift was driven primarily by exotic annuals, which were more strongly represented than perennials in local exotic vs. native species pools. We attribute this provenance bias to extrinsic biogeographic factors such as disparate evolutionary histories and/or introduction filters selecting for traits that favor exotics following disturbance. Our results suggest that (1) invasibility is an emergent property best explained by a community´s efficiency in utilizing resources, as predicted by FRH but (2) understanding provenance biases in biological invasions requires moving beyond FRH to incorporate extrinsic biogeographic factors that may favor exotics in community assembly.Fil: Pearson, Dean. United State Forest Service; Estados Unidos. University of Montana; Estados UnidosFil: Ortega, Yvette K.. United State Forest Service; Estados UnidosFil: Villarreal, Diego. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lekberg, Ylva. University of Montana; Estados UnidosFil: Cock, Marina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Eren, Ozkan. Adnan Menderes Universitesi; TurquíaFil: Hierro, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin

Voice of Trainee Teachers Regarding Their Advances in Communicative and Digital Competences with "Affective E-Learning+"

INTRODUCTION. The literature review conducted evidenced a lack of congruence between the expectations of the European Space for Higher Education and the achievements reached. This was as much the case for communicative competence as it was for digital competence and was mostly due to the lack of prior instruction in transversal skills, both in educational centers and online. METHOD. A process of inductive analysis based on forty-six autobiographical narratives of students enrolled on the program, produced two meta-categories: "evaluation of program development" and "achievements of the program". To achieve these outcomes "grounded theory" and the information software NVi-vo- 12Plus were used. RESULTS. Results suggest that the program led to interaction among participating students. They highlighted the interest of the experience based on the knowledge they acquired and the interaction in the development of communicative and digital competences. In the same way, results show the transversality of the proposed activities, especially: "design and maintenance of a blog" and "design of a video about privacy online", which had an impact on, respectively, 7 and 6 of the proposed competence units. Further influences were found on course flexibility and overcoming time and space problems. DISCUSSION. Students rated the course as a "positive experience", alluding to affective aspects which had enhanced their inclination towards learning and interaction.La revisión bibliográfica evidencia el desfase entre las expectativas del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y los logros alcanzados, tanto en la competencia comunicativa como digital, sobre todo por la ausencia de una formación previa de tipo transversal, tanto en los centros educativos como en línea. Se parte de cuarenta y seis narrativas autobiográficas de los estudiantes que cursaron el programa, utilizando un proceso de análisis inductivo que generó dos metacategorías: “valoración del desarrollo del programa” y logros alcanzados en el mismo”. Para ello se utilizó la “Teoría fundamentada” y el software informática NVivo-12Plus. Los resultados muestran que el programa ha generado interacción entre los estudiantes participantes, calificando la experiencia de interesante por lo aprendido y la interacción en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa y digital. Del mismo modo, ponen de manifiesto la transversalidad de las actividades propuestas, especialmente: “creación y mantenimiento de un blog” Y “realización de un video sobre privacidad en la red”, que incidieron, respectivamente en 7 y 6 de las unidades de competencia propuestas, así como la flexibilidad del curso, superando los problemas de espacio y tiempo. Los estudiantes valoran el curso como “experiencia positiva”, aludiendo a que los aspectos afectivos han potenciado su orientación al aprendizaje y a la interacción. Los estudiantes reconocen carencias iniciales en su formación en ambas competencias que el curso en línea les ha permitido superar, así como la utilidad didáctica del mismo para su futuro profesional

Una propuesta de desarrollo regional: asociaciones a través de proyectos conjuntos de cooperación

En Perú se han desplegado diferentes intentos de modelos de regionalización, habiendo partido desde una simple demarcación territorial, sin identificación de competencias que configuren territorios autogestionarios. Subyacente a este modelo, se han identificado claras deficiencias de competencias institucionales conducentes a un modelo sustentable de desarrollo. Además de las deficiencias mencionadas, no se han reflejado intenciones de articular fortalezas-competencias entre regiones, que permitan a través de sinergias, promover programas y proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo. La propuesta a abordar, apunta de reunir pueblos-mancomunidades, bajo una visión de complementación de competencias, a través de la cual desarrollar proyectos colaborativos que permitan explotar los recursos de dichas mancomunidades con ventajas competitivas propias. La propuesta en mención parte de identificación de fortalezas y debilidades sobre poblados en Perú, con una visión de complementariedad, la cual permita configurar un conjunto de fortalezas sobre las cuales desarrollar proyectos conducentes a un desarrollo sustentable